在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法
在web頁面上我們可以通過frameset,iframe嵌套框架很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)各種導(dǎo)航+內(nèi)容的布局界面,而在winform、WPF中實(shí)現(xiàn)其實(shí)也很容易,我這里就分享一個(gè):在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面。
我這里說的多窗口是指一個(gè)父窗口包含多個(gè)子窗口,在winform中實(shí)現(xiàn)這種效果很簡(jiǎn)單,即將某個(gè)窗口的IsMdiContainer設(shè)為true,然后將其它子窗口的MdiParent設(shè)為其父窗口對(duì)象即可,這樣就完成了一個(gè)多窗口界面,效果如下:
點(diǎn)擊NEW新打開一個(gè)窗口,其效果如下:
請(qǐng)看我上圖紅色標(biāo)注的地方,Windows菜單項(xiàng)下面顯示的是當(dāng)前所有已打開的子窗口,點(diǎn)擊某個(gè)菜單,即可快速切換到其它窗口,若關(guān)閉某個(gè)子窗口,與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的菜單項(xiàng)也會(huì)自動(dòng)被移除,實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能也很簡(jiǎn)單,只需要將菜單的MdiWindowListItem屬性設(shè)為需要顯示活動(dòng)窗口列表的菜單項(xiàng)即可,如:this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem;
上述示例完整的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:
public partial class FormMdi : Form { private int formCount = 0; public FormMdi() { InitializeComponent(); this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem; } private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; childForm.Show(); } }
相信實(shí)現(xiàn)上面這部份功能一般用過winform的人都會(huì)操作,我這里就當(dāng)是復(fù)習(xí)順便給新手一個(gè)參考,同時(shí)也為下面要實(shí)現(xiàn)的左右布局功能做一個(gè)鋪墊吧。
要實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局,并且能夠支持可動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整左右占比的功能,非SplitContainer控件莫屬了,如果不了解該控件用法請(qǐng)自行在網(wǎng)上查找相關(guān)資料,我這里就不作說明,如果要顯示W(wǎng)INDOWS已打開的子窗口情況,同樣也需要用到MenuStrip控件,
最終設(shè)計(jì)的主窗口(FormMain)效果如下:
我這里因?yàn)橹皇茄菔?,所以菜單控件上我只添加了兩個(gè)菜單項(xiàng),分別為:WINDOWS,用于顯示W(wǎng)INDOWS已打開的子窗口列表,NEW,用于打開一個(gè)子窗口;SplitContainer控件全部采用默認(rèn)的,沒有放置任何控件在其中,如果用在正式系統(tǒng)中,一般左邊Panel1中會(huì)放置一個(gè)樹形菜單,右邊Panel2中保持空即可,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是用來作為子窗口的容器。
控件層次結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖示:
界面設(shè)計(jì)好了,下面就實(shí)現(xiàn)最重要的兩個(gè)功能。
第一個(gè)功能:在右邊Panel2中顯示子窗口,實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:
public FormMain() { this.IsMdiContainer = true; } private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; childForm.Show(); }
簡(jiǎn)要說明:
1.在窗口構(gòu)造函數(shù)中動(dòng)態(tài)的將IsMdiContainer設(shè)為true,當(dāng)然也可以設(shè)計(jì)視圖中設(shè)置;
2.編寫一個(gè)顯示寫子窗口的方法,方法中需注意的地方:childForm.MdiParent = this;childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2,意思是:將當(dāng)前窗口作為子窗口的父窗口,同時(shí)將Panel2指定為子窗口的父對(duì)象,這樣就能實(shí)現(xiàn)子窗口在Panel2中打開了。
第二個(gè)功能:在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下顯示已打開的子窗口列表,這里實(shí)現(xiàn)就沒有像文章一開始介紹的那樣簡(jiǎn)單,使用那個(gè)方法是無效的,需要我們來自行實(shí)現(xiàn),稍微有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜,但如果明白其實(shí)現(xiàn)原理,也就簡(jiǎn)單明白了。
實(shí)現(xiàn)思路:當(dāng)childForm加載到Panel2時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)Panel2.ControlAdded事件,當(dāng)childForm被關(guān)閉時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)Panel2.ControlRemoved事件,我們可以統(tǒng)一訂閱這兩個(gè)事件,當(dāng)childForm加載時(shí),那么就在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下增加一個(gè)菜單項(xiàng),反之則移除該菜單項(xiàng),實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:
this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged; void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { var frm = e.Control as Form; string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name; bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm); if (exists) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; frm.BringToFront(); frm.Focus(); } else { windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true }); } } else { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem); menuItem.Dispose(); } } } private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItems = windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>(); menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false); return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault(); }
同時(shí)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)擊WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)的子菜單能夠快速切換子窗口,需要訂閱WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)的DropDownItemClicked事件,當(dāng)然也可以為新增的子菜單項(xiàng)訂閱Click事件,實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:
windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked; void windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name); menuItem.Checked = true; var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form; childForm.BringToFront(); childForm.Focus(); } private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; } }
這樣就基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了在WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下顯示已打開的子窗口列表,并點(diǎn)擊指定的菜單項(xiàng)能夠切換當(dāng)前活動(dòng)的子窗口,但仍有一個(gè)不足的地方,那就是,當(dāng)直接點(diǎn)擊子窗口來切換當(dāng)前活動(dòng)窗口時(shí)(說白了就是當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊某個(gè)子窗口標(biāo)題欄,該窗口就顯示在其它所有的子窗口最前面),WINDOWS菜單項(xiàng)下的子菜單勾選項(xiàng)沒有同步更新,一開始想到的是用Activated事件來進(jìn)行處理,結(jié)果經(jīng)測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)有效,該Activated事件在點(diǎn)擊子窗口標(biāo)題欄時(shí)并不會(huì)被觸發(fā),所以只能換種方法,經(jīng)過多次測(cè)試,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)窗口從后面切換到前面時(shí)(稱為Z順序改變),子窗口就會(huì)發(fā)生重繪,從而觸發(fā)Paint方法,我們可以訂閱該事件,并進(jìn)行處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:
private string currentChildFormName = null; //記錄當(dāng)前活動(dòng)子窗口名稱 childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as Form; if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當(dāng)容器中第一個(gè)控件就是當(dāng)前的窗口,則表明該窗口處于所有窗口之上 { CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name); currentChildFormName = frm.Name; } };
最后貼出完整的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class FormMain : Form { private int formCount = 0; private string currentChildFormName = null; public FormMain() { InitializeComponent(); this.IsMdiContainer = true; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged; windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked; } void windowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name); menuItem.Checked = true; var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form; childForm.BringToFront(); childForm.Focus(); } private void FormMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as Form; if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當(dāng)容器中第一個(gè)控件就是當(dāng)前的窗口,則表明該窗口處于所有窗口之上 { CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name); currentChildFormName = frm.Name; } }; childForm.Show(); } private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; } } void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { var frm = e.Control as Form; string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name; bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm); if (exists) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; frm.BringToFront(); frm.Focus(); } else { windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true }); } } else { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem); menuItem.Dispose(); } } } private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItems = windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>(); menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false); return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault(); } private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } } }
以下是系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)生成的代碼:
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { partial class FormMain { /// <summary> /// 必需的設(shè)計(jì)器變量。 /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// 清理所有正在使用的資源。 /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">如果應(yīng)釋放托管資源,為 true;否則為 false。</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows 窗體設(shè)計(jì)器生成的代碼 /// <summary> /// 設(shè)計(jì)器支持所需的方法 - 不要 /// 使用代碼編輯器修改此方法的內(nèi)容。 /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.menuStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip(); this.windowsToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem(); this.newToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem(); this.splitContainer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer(); this.menuStrip1.SuspendLayout(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).BeginInit(); this.splitContainer1.SuspendLayout(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // menuStrip1 // this.menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] { this.windowsToolStripMenuItem, this.newToolStripMenuItem}); this.menuStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.windowsToolStripMenuItem; this.menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1"; this.menuStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 25); this.menuStrip1.TabIndex = 1; this.menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1"; // // windowsToolStripMenuItem // this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "windowsToolStripMenuItem"; this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21); this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Windows"; this.windowsToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.windowsToolStripMenuItem_Click); // // newToolStripMenuItem // this.newToolStripMenuItem.Name = "newToolStripMenuItem"; this.newToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(46, 21); this.newToolStripMenuItem.Text = "New"; this.newToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.newToolStripMenuItem_Click); // // splitContainer1 // this.splitContainer1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.splitContainer1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill; this.splitContainer1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 25); this.splitContainer1.Name = "splitContainer1"; // // splitContainer1.Panel2 // this.splitContainer1.Panel2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ScrollBar; this.splitContainer1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 526); this.splitContainer1.SplitterDistance = 356; this.splitContainer1.TabIndex = 2; // // FormMain // this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 551); this.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer1); this.Controls.Add(this.menuStrip1); this.MainMenuStrip = this.menuStrip1; this.Name = "FormMain"; this.Text = "FormMain"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.FormMain_Load); this.menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false); this.menuStrip1.PerformLayout(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).EndInit(); this.splitContainer1.ResumeLayout(false); this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout(); } #endregion private System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip menuStrip1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem windowsToolStripMenuItem; private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem newToolStripMenuItem; } }
以下是效果演示截圖:
以上內(nèi)容給大家分享了在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法,有什么更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法可以在下方評(píng)論,不足之處也歡迎指出,謝謝!下面將給大家介紹在winform下實(shí)現(xiàn)左右布局多窗口界面的方法之續(xù)篇,感興趣的朋友繼續(xù)關(guān)注。
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