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詳細(xì)解析C#多線(xiàn)程同步事件及等待句柄

來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)|時(shí)間:2020-01-10|欄目:C#教程|點(diǎn)擊: 次

最近搗鼓了一下多線(xiàn)程的同步問(wèn)題,發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)C#關(guān)于多線(xiàn)程同步事件處理還是很靈活,這里主要寫(xiě)一下,自己測(cè)試的一些代碼,涉及到了AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,當(dāng)然還有也簡(jiǎn)要提了一下System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 、System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny和System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll ,下面我們一最初學(xué)者的角度來(lái)看,多線(xiàn)程之間的同步。

假設(shè)有這樣的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景,主線(xiàn)程開(kāi)了一個(gè)子線(xiàn)程,讓子線(xiàn)程等著,等主線(xiàn)程完成了某件事情時(shí)再通知子線(xiàn)程去往下執(zhí)行,這里關(guān)鍵就在于這個(gè)怎讓子線(xiàn)程等著,主線(xiàn)程怎通知子線(xiàn)程,一般情況下我們不難想到用一個(gè)公共變量,于是咱們就有了下面的代碼:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class Class1 
  { 
    static bool flag = true; 
 
    static void DoWork() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("  worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); 
      while (flag) 
      { 
 
      } 
      Console.WriteLine("  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); 
    } 
 
    static void Main() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); 
      Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); 
      t.Start(); 
 
      Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second..."); 
      Thread.Sleep(1000); 
 
      Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); 
      flag = false; 
    } 
  } 
} 

雖然目的達(dá)到了,但是看著這代碼就糾結(jié),下面該是我們的主角上場(chǎng)了,AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,關(guān)于這兩者我們暫且認(rèn)為是差不多了,稍后我會(huì)介紹他們的不同,這里以AutoResetEvent為例,其實(shí)很多官方的說(shuō)法太過(guò)于抽象,這里通俗地講,可以認(rèn)為AutoResetEvent就是一個(gè)公共的變量(盡管它是一個(gè)事件),創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候可以設(shè)置為false,然后在要等待的線(xiàn)程使用它的WaitOne方法,那么線(xiàn)程就一直會(huì)處于等待狀態(tài),只有這個(gè)AutoResetEvent被別的線(xiàn)程使用了Set方法,也就是要發(fā)通知的線(xiàn)程使用了它的Set方法,那么等待的線(xiàn)程就會(huì)往下執(zhí)行了,Set就是發(fā)信號(hào),WaitOne是等待信號(hào),只有發(fā)了信號(hào),等待的才會(huì)執(zhí)行。如果不發(fā)的話(huà),WaitOne后面的程序就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)執(zhí)行。好下面看用AutoResetEvent改造上面的程序:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class Class2 
  { 
    static AutoResetEvent mEvent=new AutoResetEvent(false); 
    //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); 
 
    static void DoWork() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("  worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); 
      mEvent.WaitOne(); 
      Console.WriteLine("  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); 
    } 
 
    static void Main() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); 
      Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); 
      t.Start(); 
 
      Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second..."); 
      Thread.Sleep(1000); 
 
      Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); 
      mEvent.Set(); 
    } 
  } 
} 

這時(shí)代碼是不是清爽多了,這里其實(shí)你還會(huì)看到,把上面的AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent也是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的,那么它兩之間的區(qū)別是什么呢?個(gè)人認(rèn)為它們最大的區(qū)別在于,無(wú)論何時(shí),只要 AutoResetEvent 激活線(xiàn)程,它的狀態(tài)將自動(dòng)從終止變?yōu)榉墙K止。相反,ManualResetEvent 允許它的終止?fàn)顟B(tài)激活任意多個(gè)線(xiàn)程,只有當(dāng)它的 Reset 方法被調(diào)用時(shí)才還原到非終止?fàn)顟B(tài)。開(kāi)下面的代碼:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class Class3 
  { 
    static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
    //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); 
 
    static void DoWork() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("  worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); 
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
      { 
        mEvent.WaitOne(); 
        //mEvent.Reset(); 
        Console.WriteLine("  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); 
      } 
    } 
 
    static void Main() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); 
      Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); 
      t.Start(); 
 
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
      { 
        Thread.Sleep(1000); 
        Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); 
        mEvent.Set(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
} 

如果你想僅僅把AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent的話(huà),你發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出就會(huì)亂套了,為什么呢?

假如有autoevent.WaitOne()和manualevent.WaitOne(),當(dāng)線(xiàn)程得到信號(hào)后都得以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。差別就在調(diào)用后,autoevent.WaitOne()每次只允許一個(gè)線(xiàn)程進(jìn)入,當(dāng)某個(gè)線(xiàn)程得到信號(hào)(也就是有其他線(xiàn)程調(diào)用了autoevent.Set()方法后)后,autoevent會(huì)自動(dòng)又將信號(hào)置為不發(fā)送狀態(tài),則其他調(diào)用WaitOne的線(xiàn)程只有繼續(xù)等待,也就是說(shuō),autoevent一次只喚醒一個(gè)線(xiàn)程。而manualevent則可以喚醒多個(gè)線(xiàn)程,當(dāng)某個(gè)線(xiàn)程調(diào)用了set方法后,其他調(diào)用waitone的線(xiàn)程獲得信號(hào)得以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,而manualevent不會(huì)自動(dòng)將信號(hào)置為不發(fā)送,也就是說(shuō),除非手工調(diào)用了manualevent.Reset()方法,否則manualevent將一直保持有信號(hào)狀態(tài),manualevent也就可以同時(shí)喚醒多個(gè)線(xiàn)程繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。

在上面代碼中,如果將AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent的話(huà),只要要在waitone后面做下reset,就會(huì)達(dá)到同樣的效果。

之后咱們?cè)賮?lái)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class Class4 
  { 
    public static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
 
    public static void trmain() 
    { 
      Thread tr = Thread.CurrentThread; 
      Console.WriteLine("thread: waiting for an event"); 
      mEvent.WaitOne(); 
      Console.WriteLine("thread: got an event"); 
      for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) 
      { 
        Thread.Sleep(1000); 
        Console.WriteLine(tr.Name + ": " + x); 
      } 
    } 
    static void Main(string[] args) 
    { 
      Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(trmain)); 
      thrd1.Name = "thread1"; 
      thrd1.Start(); 
      for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) 
      { 
        Thread.Sleep(900); 
        Console.WriteLine("Main:" + x); 
        if (5 == x) mEvent.Set(); 
      } 
      while (thrd1.IsAlive) 
      { 
        Thread.Sleep(1000); 
        Console.WriteLine("Main: waiting for thread to stop"); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
} 

是不是更有感覺(jué)了?之后咱來(lái)看看另外幾個(gè)東東:

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 使線(xiàn)程一直等待,直到單個(gè)事件變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài);

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny 阻止線(xiàn)程,直到一個(gè)或多個(gè)指示的事件變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài);

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll 阻止線(xiàn)程,直到所有指示的事件都變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài)。

然后再來(lái)個(gè)例子,以WaitAll使用為例:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class other 
  { 
    static void Main(string[] args) 
    { 
      Random randomGenerator = new Random(); 
      AutoResetEvent[] resets=new AutoResetEvent[5]; 
 
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) 
      { 
        resets[i] = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
        int wTime = randomGenerator.Next(10)+1; 
 
        worker w = new worker(wTime, resets[i]); 
 
        Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(w.work)); 
        thrd1.Start();  
      } 
      WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets); 
      Console.WriteLine("ALL worker done - main exiting."); 
    } 
 
  } 
 
  public class worker 
  { 
    public string name; 
    public int wTime; 
    public AutoResetEvent mEvent; 
 
    public worker(int w, AutoResetEvent m) 
    { 
      name = w.ToString(); 
      wTime = w * 1000; 
      mEvent = m; 
    } 
 
    public void work() 
    { 
      Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread waiting for " + wTime + "...."); 
      Thread.Sleep(wTime); 
      Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread back..."); 
      mEvent.Set(); 
    } 
  } 
} 

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是,開(kāi)了5個(gè)線(xiàn)程,每個(gè)線(xiàn)程隨機(jī)休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主線(xiàn)程退出,這里就開(kāi)了一個(gè)AutoResetEvent數(shù)組,主線(xiàn)程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子線(xiàn)程休眠完后就Set1個(gè)AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主線(xiàn)程就會(huì)往下執(zhí)行。最后最后再來(lái)個(gè)買(mǎi)書(shū)付款取貨的例子,加深理解:

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading; 
 
namespace AutoResetEventTest 
{ 
  class Program 
  { 
    const int numIterations = 10; 
    static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
    static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
    //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); 
    //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); 
    static int number; //這是關(guān)鍵資源 
 
    static void Main() 
    { 
      Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc)); 
      payMoneyThread.Name = "付錢(qián)線(xiàn)程"; 
      Thread getBookThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GetBookProc)); 
      getBookThread.Name = "取書(shū)線(xiàn)程"; 
      payMoneyThread.Start(); 
      getBookThread.Start(); 
 
      for (int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++) 
      { 
        Console.WriteLine("買(mǎi)書(shū)線(xiàn)程:數(shù)量{0}", i); 
        number = i; 
        //Signal that a value has been written. 
        myResetEvent.Set(); 
        //ChangeEvent.Set(); 
        Thread.Sleep(10); 
      } 
      payMoneyThread.Abort(); 
      getBookThread.Abort(); 
    } 
 
    static void PayMoneyProc() 
    { 
      while (true) 
      { 
        myResetEvent.WaitOne(); 
        //myResetEvent.Reset(); 
        Console.WriteLine("{0}:數(shù)量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number); 
        ChangeEvent.Set(); 
      } 
    } 
    static void GetBookProc() 
    { 
      while (true) 
      { 
        ChangeEvent.WaitOne(); 
        //ChangeEvent.Reset();         
        Console.WriteLine("{0}:數(shù)量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number); 
        Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------"); 
        //Thread.Sleep(0); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
} 

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持我們。

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