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Objective-C和Swift的轉(zhuǎn)換速查手冊(cè)（推薦）

來(lái)源：本站原創(chuàng)|時(shí)間：2020-01-11|欄目：Swift|點(diǎn)擊： 次

前言

如果你正要從Objective-C過(guò)渡到Swift，或反過(guò)來(lái)，一個(gè)在兩種語(yǔ)言間顯示等效代碼的小手冊(cè)會(huì)很有幫助。本文內(nèi)容就是這些：蘋(píng)果開(kāi)發(fā)者的紅寶書(shū)，包含變量，集合，函數(shù)，類(lèi)等等。

下面例子中，上面是Objective-C代碼，下面是等效的Swift代碼。必要的地方我會(huì)給一些備注來(lái)幫助你理解。

變量與常量

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)變量

//Objective-C
NSInteger score = 556;
//
NSString *name = @"Taylor";
//
BOOL loggedIn = NO;
//Swift
var score = 556
//
var name = "Taylor"
//
var loggedIn = false

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)常量

//Objective-C
const NSInteger score = 556;
//
NSString * const name = @"Taylor";
//
const BOOL firstRun = YES;
//Objective-C中常量用的很少
//Swift
let score = 556
//
let name = "Taylor"
//
let firstRun = true
//Swift中常量很常見(jiàn)

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)變量數(shù)組

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)常量數(shù)組

//Objective-C
NSArray *grades = @[@90, @85, @97];
//
NSArray *names = @[@"Taylor", @"Adele", @"Justin"];
//Swift
let grades = [90, 85, 97]
//
let names = ["Taylor", "Adele", "Justin"]

向數(shù)組中添加一個(gè)值類(lèi)型

//Objective-C
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray new];
//
[array addObject:[NSValue valueWithRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 32, 64)]];
//在添加到集合前，值類(lèi)型有對(duì)應(yīng)的引用類(lèi)型
//Swift
var array = [CGRect]()
//
array.append(CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 32, height: 64))

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)字典

//Objective-C
NSDictionary *houseNumbers = @{ @"Paul": @7, @"Jess": @56, @"Peter": @332 };
//Swift
let houseNumbers = ["Paul": 7, "Jess": 56, "Peter": 332]

定義一個(gè)枚舉

//Objective-C
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, ShapeType) {
 kCircle,
 kRectangle,
 kHexagon
};
//Swift
enum ShapeType: Int {
 case circle
 case rectangle
 case hexagon
}

附加一串字符

//Objective-C
NSString *first = @"Hello, ";
NSString *second = [first stringByAppendingString:@" world!"];
//Swift
let first = "Hello, "
let second = first + "world!"

增加數(shù)字

//Objective-C
NSInteger rating = 4;
rating++;
rating += 3;
//Swift
var rating = 4
rating += 1
rating += 3

插入字符串

//Objective-C
NSString *account = @"twostraws";
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Follow me on Twitter: %@", account];
//Swift
let account = "twostraws"
let str = "Follow me on Twitter: \(account)"

打印調(diào)試信息

//Objective-C
NSString *username = @"twostraws";
NSLog(@"Username is %@", username);
//Swift
let username = "twostraws"
print("Username is \(username)")

控制流

檢查狀態(tài)

//Objective-C
NSInteger result = 86;
if (result >= 85) {
 NSLog(@"You passed the test!");
} else {
 NSLog(@"Please try again.");
}
//Swift
let result = 86

if result >= 85 {
 print("You passed the test!")
} else {
 print("Please try again.")
}

循環(huán)一定次數(shù)

//Objective-C
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
 NSLog(@"This will be printed 100 times.");
}
//Swift
for _ in 0 ..< 100 {
 print("This will be printed 100 times.")
}

在數(shù)組中循環(huán)

//Objective-C
NSArray *companies = @[@"Apple", @"Facebook", @"Twitter"];

for (NSString *name in companies) {
 NSLog(@"%@ is a well-known tech company.", name);
}
//Swift
let companies = ["Apple", "Facebook", "Twitter"]

for name in companies {
 print("\(name) is a well-known tech company.")
}

數(shù)值切換

//Objective-C
NSInteger rating = 8;

switch (rating) {
 case 0 ... 3:
 NSLog(@"Awful");
 break;
 case 4 ... 7:
 NSLog(@"OK");
 break;
 case 8 ... 10:
 NSLog(@"Good");
 break;
 default:
 NSLog(@"Invalid rating.");
}
//很多人不知道Objective-C有范圍支持，所以你也許看到二選一的語(yǔ)法
//Swift
let rating = 8

switch rating {
case 0...3:
 print("Awful")
case 4...7:
 print("OK")
case 8...10:
 print("Good")
default:
 print("Invalid rating.")
}
//Swift不會(huì)fall through案例，除非你使用fallthrough關(guān)鍵字

函數(shù)

不接收參數(shù)也沒(méi)有返回的函數(shù)

//Objective-C
- (void)printGreeting {
 NSLog(@"Hello!");
}

[self printGreeting];
//Swift
func printGreeting() {
 print("Hello!")
}

printGreeting()

不接收參數(shù)，返回一個(gè)字符串的函數(shù)

//Objective-C
- (NSString*)printGreeting {
 return @"Hello!";
}

NSString *result = [self printGreeting];
//Swift
func printGreeting() -> String {
 return "Hello!"
}

let result = printGreeting()

接收一個(gè)字符串，返回一個(gè)字符串的函數(shù)

//Objective-C
- (NSString*)printGreetingFor:(NSString*)user {
 return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello, %@!", user];
}

NSString *result = [self printGreetingFor:@"Paul"];
//第一個(gè)參數(shù)的名稱(chēng)需要為方法名的一部分
//Swift
func printGreeting(for user: String) -> String {
 return "Hello, \(user)!"
}

let result = printGreeting(for: "Paul")

接收一個(gè)字符串和一個(gè)整數(shù)，返回一個(gè)字符串的函數(shù)

//Objective-C
- (NSString*)printGreetingFor:(NSString*)user withAge:(NSInteger)age {
 if (age >= 18) {
  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello, %@! You're an adult.", user];
 } else {
  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello, %@! You're a child.", user];
 }
}

NSString *result = [self printGreetingFor:@"Paul" withAge:38];
//Swift
func printGreeting(for user: String, age: Int) -> String {
 if age >= 18 {
  return "Hello, \(user) You're an adult."
 } else {
  return "Hello, \(user)! You're a child."
 }
}

let result = printGreeting(for: "Paul", age: 38)

從函數(shù)返回多個(gè)值

//Objective-C
- (NSDictionary*)loadAddress {
 return @{
  @"house": @"65, Park Street",
  @"city": @"Bristol",
  @"country": @"UK"
 };
}

NSDictionary*address = [self loadAddress];
NSString *house = address[@"house"];
NSString *city = address[@"city"];
NSString *country = address[@"country"];
//Objective-C不支持元祖(tuple),所以用字典或數(shù)組替代
//Swift
func loadAddress() -> (house: String, city: String, country: String) {
 return ("65, Park Street", "Bristol", "UK")
}

let (city, street, country) = loadAddress()

不接收參數(shù)沒(méi)有返回的閉環(huán)

//Objective-C
void (^printUniversalGreeting)(void) = ^{
 NSLog(@"Bah-weep-graaaaagnah wheep nini bong");
};

printUniversalGreeting();
//Swift
let universalGreeting = {
 print("Bah-weep-graaaaagnah wheep nini bong")
}

universalGreeting()

不接收參數(shù)返回一個(gè)字符串的閉環(huán)

//Objective-C
NSString* (^getUniversalGreeting)(void) = ^{
 return @"Bah-weep-graaaaagnah wheep nini bong";
};

NSString *greeting = getUniversalGreeting();
NSLog(@"%@", greeting);
//Swift
let getUniversalGreeting = {
 return "Bah-weep-graaaaagnah wheep nini bong"
}

let greeting = getUniversalGreeting()
print(greeting)

接收一個(gè)字符串參數(shù)，返回一個(gè)字符串的閉環(huán)

//Objective-C
NSString* (^getGreeting)(NSString *) = ^(NSString *name) {
 return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Live long and prosper, %@.", name];
};

NSString *greeting = getGreeting(@"Paul");
NSLog(@"%@", greeting);
//Swift
let getGreeting = { (name: String) in
 return "Live long and prosper, \(name)."
}

let greeting = getGreeting("Paul")
print(greeting)

類(lèi)

創(chuàng)建空類(lèi)

//Objective-C
@interface MyClass : NSObject
@end

@implementation MyClass
@end
//Swift
class MyClass: NSObject {
}
//推薦使用結(jié)構(gòu)代替類(lèi)，這樣也許不需要從NSObject繼承了

創(chuàng)建有2個(gè)屬性的類(lèi)

//Objective-C
@interface User : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
@end

@implementation User

@end
//Swift
class User {
 var name: String
 var age: Int
 
 init(name: String, age: Int) {
  self.name = name
  self.age = age
 }
}
//Swift要求進(jìn)行初始化，給這些屬性默認(rèn)值

創(chuàng)建有一個(gè)私有屬性的類(lèi)

//Objective-C
//在頭文件中
@interface User : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@end

//在執(zhí)行文件中
@interface User()
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
@end

@implementation User

@end
//Objective-C實(shí)際上并不支持私有屬性，通常都用這種變通方式
//Swift
class User {
 var name: String
 private var age: Int
 
 init(name: String, age: Int) {
  self.name = name
  self.age = age
 }
}

創(chuàng)建有一個(gè)實(shí)例方法的類(lèi)

//Objective-C
@interface Civilization : NSObject
- (NSInteger)getMeaningOfLife;
@end

@implementation Civilization
- (NSInteger)getMeaningOfLife {
 return 42;
}
@end
//Swift
class Civilization {
 func getMeaningOfLife() -> Int {
  return 42
 }
}

創(chuàng)建有一個(gè)靜態(tài)方法的類(lèi)

//Objective-C
@interface Civilization : NSObject
+ (NSInteger)getMeaningOfLife;
@end

@implementation Civilization
+ (NSInteger)getMeaningOfLife {
 return 42;
}
@end
//差別很小，用+而不是-
//Swift
class Civilization {
 class func getMeaningOfLife() -> Int {
  return 42
 }
}
//Swift也支持靜態(tài)方法——它不會(huì)在子類(lèi)中被覆蓋

用一種新方法擴(kuò)展一個(gè)類(lèi)型

//Objective-C
@interface NSString (Trimming)
- (NSString*)trimmed;
@end

@implementation NSString (Trimming)

- (NSString*)trimmed {
 return [self stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
}

@end
//Swift
extension String {
 func trimmed() -> String {
  return trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
 }
}

檢查一個(gè)對(duì)象的類(lèi)

//Objective-C
if ([object isKindOfClass:[YourClass class]]) {
 NSLog(@"This is a YourClass.");
}
//Swift
if object is YourClass {
 print("This is a YourClass.")
}

類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換

//Objective-C
Dog *poodle = (Dog*)animalObject;
//Swift
let poodle = animalObject as? Dog
//
let poodle = animalObject as! Dog
//如果不是一個(gè)dog，前者會(huì)把poodle設(shè)為nil，后者則會(huì)崩潰

GCD

在不同線(xiàn)程運(yùn)行代碼

//Objective-C
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
 NSLog(@"Running in the background...");
 
 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
  NSLog(@"Running back on the main thread");
 });
});
//Swift
DispatchQueue.global().async {
 print("Running in the background...")
 
 DispatchQueue.main.async {
  print("Running on the main thread")
 }
}

總結(jié)

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