Linux查看PCIe版本及速率的方法

來(lái)源：本站原創(chuàng)|時(shí)間：2020-01-10|欄目：Linux/apache|點(diǎn)擊：次

PCIE有四種不同的規(guī)格，通過(guò)下圖來(lái)了解下PCIE的其中2種規(guī)格

查看主板上的PCI插槽

# dmidecode | grep --color "PCI"

不同PCIe版本對(duì)應(yīng)的傳輸速率如下：

傳輸速率為每秒傳輸量GT/s，而不是每秒位數(shù)Gbps，因?yàn)閭鬏斄堪ú惶峁╊~外吞吐量的開銷位；
比如PCIe 1.x和PCIe 2.x使用8b/10b編碼方案，導(dǎo)致占用了20% （= 2/10）的原始信道帶寬。

GT/s —— Giga transation per second （千兆傳輸/秒），即每一秒內(nèi)傳輸?shù)拇螖?shù)。重點(diǎn)在于描述物理層通信協(xié)議的速率屬性，可以不和鏈路寬度等關(guān)聯(lián)。

Gbps —— Giga Bits Per Second （千兆位/秒）。GT/s 與Gbps 之間不存在成比例的換算關(guān)系。

PCIe 吞吐量（可用帶寬）計(jì)算方法：

吞吐量 = 傳輸速率 * 編碼方案

例如：PCI-e2.0 協(xié)議支持 5.0 GT/s，即每一條Lane上支持每秒鐘內(nèi)傳輸5G個(gè)Bit；但這并不意味著 PCIe 2.0協(xié)議的每一條Lane支持 5Gbps 的速率。

為什么這么說(shuō)呢？因?yàn)镻CIe 2.0 的物理層協(xié)議中使用的是8b/10b的編碼方案。即每傳輸8個(gè)Bit，需要發(fā)送10個(gè)Bit；這多出的2個(gè)Bit并不是對(duì)上層有意義的信息。

那么，PCIe 2.0協(xié)議的每一條Lane支持 5 * 8 / 10 = 4 Gbps = 500 MB/s 的速率。

以一個(gè)PCIe 2.0 x8的通道為例，x8的可用帶寬為 4 * 8 = 32 Gbps = 4 GB/s。

PCI-e3.0 協(xié)議支持 8.0 GT/s, 即每一條Lane 上支持每秒鐘內(nèi)傳輸 8G個(gè)Bit。

而PCIe 3.0 的物理層協(xié)議中使用的是 128b/130b 的編碼方案。即每傳輸128個(gè)Bit，需要發(fā)送130個(gè)Bit。

那么， PCIe 3.0協(xié)議的每一條Lane支持 8 * 128 / 130 = 7.877 Gbps = 984.6 MB/s 的速率。

一個(gè)PCIe 3.0 x16的通道，x16 的可用帶寬為 7.877 * 16 = 126.031 Gbps = 15.754 GB/s。

在 Linux 下要如何得知 PCI-E Bus 使用的是 Gen(Generation) 1 還是 Gen2 還是新一代的 Gen 3 雖然使用
#lspci 只要可以看到目前系統(tǒng)所有的裝置.但是好像看不到 PCI-E Bus 所採(cǎi)用的是哪一代的 PCI-E.

root@XXX# lspci 
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell DRAM Controller (rev 06)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell PCI Express x16 Controller (rev 06)
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell PCI Express x8 Controller (rev 06)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell HD Audio Controller (rev 06)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 05)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev d5)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev d5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Lynx Point 4-port SATA Controller 1 [IDE mode] (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point SMBus Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point Thermal Management Controller (rev 05)
01:00.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)
02:01.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)
02:02.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)
02:08.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)
02:09.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
03:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
03:00.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
03:00.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
04:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
04:00.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
04:00.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
06:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
07:00.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)
08:01.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)
08:08.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)
08:09.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)
08:0a.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)
09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
09:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
0e:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
0f:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
root@XXX#

root@XXX# lspci -tv
-[0000:00]-+-00.0 Intel Corporation Haswell DRAM Controller
   +-01.0-[0000:01-06]----00.0-[0000:02-06]--+-01.0-[0000:03]--+-00.0 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     +-00.1 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     +-00.2 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     \-00.3 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           +-02.0-[0000:04]--+-00.0 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     +-00.1 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     +-00.2 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           |     \-00.3 Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection
   |           +-08.0-[0000:05]--
   |           \-09.0-[0000:06]--+-00.0 Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection
   |               \-00.1 Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection
   +-01.1-[0000:07-0c]----00.0-[0000:08-0c]--+-01.0-[0000:09]--+-00.0 Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection
   |           |     \-00.1 Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection
   |           +-08.0-[0000:0a]--
   |           +-09.0-[0000:0b]--
   |           \-0a.0-[0000:0c]--
   +-02.0 Intel Corporation Haswell Integrated Graphics Controller
   +-03.0 Intel Corporation Haswell HD Audio Controller
   +-14.0 Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB xHCI Host Controller
   +-16.0 Intel Corporation Lynx Point MEI Controller #1
   +-1a.0 Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2
   +-1c.0-[0000:0d]--
   +-1c.4-[0000:0e]----00.0 Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection
   +-1c.5-[0000:0f]----00.0 Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection
   +-1d.0 Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1
   +-1f.0 Intel Corporation Lynx Point LPC Controller
   +-1f.2 Intel Corporation Lynx Point 4-port SATA Controller 1 [IDE mode]
   +-1f.3 Intel Corporation Lynx Point SMBus Controller
   \-1f.6 Intel Corporation Lynx Point Thermal Management Controller
root@XXX#

如果有裝置是 unknown 的,需要更新 /usr/local/share/pci.ids.gz 請(qǐng)參考更新方式 http://benjr.tw/node/88

先查詢 Inetl 82599EB 網(wǎng)卡的識(shí)別號(hào)(bus:device.function)

root@XXX# lspci | grep --color 82599 
06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
06:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
09:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)
root@XXX#

在 PCI 的裝置使用三個(gè)編號(hào)用來(lái)當(dāng)作識(shí)別值,個(gè)別為 1. "匯流排(bus number)", 2. "裝置(device number) 以及 3. "功能(function number)".

所以剛剛的 06:00.0 就是 bus number = 06 ,device number = 00 function = 0 .

這3個(gè)編號(hào)會(huì)組合成一個(gè) 16-bits 的識(shí)別碼,

匯流排(bus number) 8bits 2^8 至多可連接 256 個(gè)匯流排(0 to ff),

裝置(device number) 5bits 2^5 至多可接 32 種裝置(0 to 1f) 以及

功能(function number) 3bits 2^3 至多每種裝置可有 8 項(xiàng)功能(0 to 7).

關(guān)于更多 #lspci 的資訊請(qǐng)參考 http://benjr.tw/node/543

然后查看vendor id和device id

root@XXX# lspci -n | grep -i 06:00.0
06:00.0 0200: 8086:10fb (rev 01)
root@XXX#

Linux 使用 Class ID + Vendor ID + Device ID 來(lái)代表裝置,如剛剛的 0200: 8086:10fb 所代表裝置名稱為 (Class ID = 0200 , Vendor ID = 8086, Device ID = 10fb)

最后查看指定PCI設(shè)備的帶寬

root@XXX# lspci -n -d 8086:10fb -vvv | grep --color Width
  LnkCap: Port #9, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s, Latency L0 <1us, L1 <8us
  LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
  LnkCap: Port #9, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s, Latency L0 <1us, L1 <8us
  LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
  LnkCap: Port #1, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s, Latency L0 <1us, L1 <8us
  LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
  LnkCap: Port #1, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s, Latency L0 <1us, L1 <8us
  LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
root@XXX#

LnkSta : 目前系統(tǒng)所提供的速度 PCI-Express 2.0 ( 5GT/s )

LnkCap : 裝置目前所採(cǎi)用的速度.

LnkSta 和 LnkCap 這兩個(gè)速度有可能不一樣 , 典型情況下: 系統(tǒng)所提供的是 PCI Express 是 3.0 但裝置還是使用 2.0 的.

以上就是本次介紹的相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，感謝大家的學(xué)習(xí)和對(duì)我們的支持。

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