Linux(CentOS7)安裝Tomcat與設(shè)置Tomcat為開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)(tomcat8為例)

來(lái)源：本站原創(chuàng)|時(shí)間：2020-01-10|欄目：Linux/apache|點(diǎn)擊：次

安裝Tomcat

下載Tomcat壓縮包

Tomcat有Tomcat7，Tomcat8和Tomcat9等版本，目前企業(yè)使用較多的是Tomcat8，所以這里以Tomcat8為列

進(jìn)入Tomcat8下載網(wǎng)址：Tomcat8下載網(wǎng)址https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi

點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)Download下的對(duì)應(yīng)版本，這里我下載的是apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz，即Linux環(huán)境的壓縮包

Tomcat主要有三個(gè)安裝版本

tar.gz：Linux環(huán)境下的壓縮包，免安裝
Windows.zip：Windows壓縮包，免安裝，解壓即用，同時(shí)注意根據(jù)自己電腦是64位系統(tǒng)還是32位系統(tǒng)下載對(duì)應(yīng)的壓縮包
Windows Service Installer：Windows安裝包，32位和64位版本的Windows系統(tǒng)都適用

安裝Tomcat

將下載好的apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz放到指定目錄，我這里放到/usr/local/tomcat，如下圖所示

進(jìn)入/usr/local/tomcat目錄，解壓Tomcat壓縮包

# 進(jìn)入/usr/local/tomcat目錄
cd /usr/local/tomcat
# 解壓Tomcat壓縮包
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz

啟動(dòng)Tomcat

進(jìn)入Tomcat的bin目錄，啟動(dòng)Tomcat

# 進(jìn)入Tomcat的bin目錄，啟動(dòng)Tomcat
cd apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/
# 啟動(dòng)Tomcat
./startup.sh

查看Tomcat是否啟動(dòng)成功

# 查看Tomcat是否啟動(dòng)成功執(zhí)行
ps -ef | grep tomcat
# 如果輸出如下，說(shuō)明Tomcat安裝成功
root  2381  1 11 22:18 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root  2513 29060 0 22:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

使用瀏覽器訪問(wèn)Tomcat，地址Linux的ip:8080，我這里的ip端口是http://47.106.106.158:8080/，如下圖說(shuō)明在Linux（CentOS7）環(huán)境安裝啟動(dòng)Tomcat成功，為自己點(diǎn)一個(gè)贊

注意：開(kāi)放8080端口或者關(guān)閉防火墻

附加：開(kāi)放8080端口或者關(guān)閉防火墻，如果是阿里云只能在阿里云控制臺(tái)配置開(kāi)放端口

# 開(kāi)啟8080端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# 查詢端口號(hào)8080是否開(kāi)啟
firewall-cmd --query-port=8080/tcp
# 重啟防火墻
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看開(kāi)放端口列表
firewall-cmd --list-port
# 命令含義
--zone #作用域
--add-port=8080/tcp #添加端口，格式為：端口/通訊協(xié)議
--permanent #永久生效，沒(méi)有此參數(shù)重啟后失效
# 關(guān)閉防火墻
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)

設(shè)置Tomcat為開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)

按照上面的方式啟動(dòng)Tomcat，如果我們的虛擬機(jī)或者服務(wù)器關(guān)閉了，重啟服務(wù)器后Tomcat是關(guān)閉的，但是我們希望虛擬機(jī)或者服務(wù)器重啟后，Tomcat可以自己?jiǎn)?dòng)，所以我們需要設(shè)置Tomcat為開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)

創(chuàng)建setenv.sh文件，為T(mén)omcat添加啟動(dòng)參數(shù)

catalina.sh在執(zhí)行的時(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)用同級(jí)路徑下的setenv.sh來(lái)設(shè)置額外的環(huán)境變量，因此在/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin路徑下創(chuàng)建setenv.sh文件，內(nèi)容如下：

# 設(shè)置Tomcat的PID文件
CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/tomcat.pid"
# 添加JVM選項(xiàng)
JAVA_OPTS="-server -XX:PermSize=256M -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m -Xms512M -Xmx1024M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m"

在/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/catalina.sh文件開(kāi)頭添加JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME，其中/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152為jdk的安裝目錄

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre

如果在catalina.sh不配置JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME就會(huì)報(bào)如下的錯(cuò)誤

[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2019-10-21 19:54:54 CST; 6s ago
 Process: 8746 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon startup.sh[8746]: Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_...d
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon startup.sh[8746]: At least one of these environment ...m
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: tomcat.service: control process exited,...=1
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Failed to start Tomcat.
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Unit tomcat.service entered failed state.
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: tomcat.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

在/usr/lib/systemd/system路徑下添加tomcat.service文件，內(nèi)容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
TimeoutSec=0
PIDFile=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

此外service文件修改后需要調(diào)用systemctl daemon-reload命令重新加載。

配置TimeoutSec=0的目的是讓開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)不處理tomcat啟動(dòng)超時(shí)，保證tomcat耗時(shí)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)不會(huì)被系統(tǒng)terminating，如果不配置可能出現(xiàn)下面的情況

Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Existing PID file found during start.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Tomcat started.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon systemd[1]: PID file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
Oct 21 20:26:38 JourWon polkitd[464]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:1628:19013 (system bus name :1.23, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, loca
Oct 21 20:28:07 JourWon systemd[1]: tomcat.service start operation timed out. Terminating.
Oct 21 20:28:07 JourWon systemd[1]: Failed to start Tomcat.

把Tomcat加入開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)

systemctl enable tomcat.service

重啟服務(wù)器

reboot

再次連接后，查看服務(wù)狀態(tài)

[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: activating (start) since Mon 2019-10-21 20:12:19 CST; 8s ago
 Process: 9244 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
   └─9255 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apac...

Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Existing PID file found during start.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Tomcat started.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon systemd[1]: PID file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet?) after start.

查看開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)列表命令

systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled

查看Tomcat是否設(shè)置為開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)，如果顯示為enabled，說(shuō)明設(shè)置成功

參數(shù)說(shuō)明

static：表示該服務(wù)與其他服務(wù)相關(guān)聯(lián),不能單獨(dú)設(shè)置該服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)狀態(tài)
disabled：表示禁止開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)
enabled：表示允許開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)

[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep tomcat
tomcat.service        enabled

總結(jié)

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Linux(CentOS7)安裝Tomcat與設(shè)置Tomcat為開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)(tomcat8為例),希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問(wèn)請(qǐng)給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)我們網(wǎng)站的支持！
如果你覺(jué)得本文對(duì)你有幫助，歡迎轉(zhuǎn)載，煩請(qǐng)注明出處，謝謝！

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