利用C＃編寫Linux守護(hù)進(jìn)程實(shí)例代碼
來(lái)源：本站原創(chuàng)|時(shí)間：2020-01-10|欄目：C#教程|點(diǎn)擊： 次
前言
Linux守護(hù)進(jìn)程是Linux的后臺(tái)服務(wù)進(jìn)程，相當(dāng)于Windows服務(wù)，對(duì)于為L(zhǎng)inux開(kāi)發(fā)服務(wù)程序的朋友來(lái)說(shuō)，Linux守護(hù)進(jìn)程相關(guān)技術(shù)是必不可少的，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)技術(shù)不僅僅是為了開(kāi)發(fā)守護(hù)進(jìn)程，還可以拓展到多進(jìn)程，父子進(jìn)程文件描述符共享，父子進(jìn)程通訊、控制等方面，是實(shí)現(xiàn)Linux大型服務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)之一。
如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上將.NET Core進(jìn)程作為后臺(tái)進(jìn)程運(yùn)行，則可以創(chuàng)建自定義systemd單元。今天我將為.NET Core編寫兩個(gè)自定義系統(tǒng)單元的例子。一個(gè)是運(yùn)行.NET Core控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序的一種類型，另一個(gè)是運(yùn)行ASP.NET Core Web應(yīng)用程序的簡(jiǎn)單類型。
控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序
建立一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序
您可以用dotnet run在systemd中使用指定項(xiàng)目目錄作為工作目錄。但是，我們來(lái)構(gòu)建一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件并將其用于systemd。用dotnet new 命令創(chuàng)建您的項(xiàng)目后編輯Program.cs如下。
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
var path = Path.GetTempFileName();
File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!");
Console.WriteLine($"Wrote temp file: {path}");
}
}
}
然后用dotnet publish命令發(fā)布項(xiàng)目。你會(huì)看到bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目錄下的二進(jìn)制文件。
$ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation. publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自定義的systemd
首先，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)運(yùn)行守護(hù)進(jìn)程和工作目錄的用戶。
$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser $ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample
然后在/etc/systemd/system/目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自定義的systemd單元文件。文件名應(yīng)該是<unit-name>.<unit-type>。我創(chuàng)建的目錄和文件名為：/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service。
[Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser [install]
您應(yīng)該在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路徑。以上是紅帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情況。然后你可以用systemctl命令執(zhí)行守護(hù)進(jìn)程。您可以使用systemctl status命令或journalctl命令查看控制臺(tái)輸出。
$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -e Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Hello Temp File!
使用PrivateTemp
在上述系統(tǒng)單元中，程序在臨時(shí)文件夾下寫入一個(gè)文件。你有時(shí)想寫一個(gè)來(lái)自其他用戶的臨時(shí)文件是安全的。您可以在[Service]section中的指定使用PrivateTemp。
[Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTemp=true
重新加載單元文件后，程序可以像前一樣訪問(wèn)/tmp目錄，但這不是實(shí)際的/tmp目錄。
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp ls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory
Web應(yīng)用程序
建立一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)構(gòu)建一個(gè)ASP.NET Core Web應(yīng)用程序。今天我使用默認(rèn)的模板項(xiàng)目。
$ dotnet new -t web Created new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp. $ dotnet restore ** snipped** log : Restore completed in 9721ms. $ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 ** snipped ** publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully
現(xiàn)在可以用dotnet命令運(yùn)行。
$ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] User profile is available. Using '/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Hosting environment: Production Content root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自定義的systemd
為這個(gè)Web應(yīng)用程序也指定dotnetuser名稱。
$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample
然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自定義的systemd單元文件/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service。
[Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no Wants=network.target # network is required After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExample Restart=always RestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTmp=true Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environment Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port [Install] WantedBy = multi-user.target
最后，您可以將ASP.NET Core應(yīng)用程序作為L(zhǎng)inux守護(hù)程序運(yùn)行。請(qǐng)注意，此應(yīng)用程序偵聽(tīng)端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默認(rèn)的 5000，因?yàn)槲以贏SPNETCORE_URLS單元文件中指定了環(huán)境變量 。
$ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service [sudo] password for tatanaka: ● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago Main PID: 7041 (dotnet) CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service └─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd. Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd... Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using '/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: Production Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExample Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080 Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. $ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf -- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. -- Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/images/banner4.svg'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg' Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xml Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.ico Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/favicon.ico'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico' Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon
然而這對(duì)于ASP.NET Core的生產(chǎn)使用來(lái)說(shuō)是不夠的。你可能需要設(shè)置一個(gè)反向代理服務(wù)器，比如Jexus,nginx，防火墻等等。
Writing a Linux daemon in C#
總結(jié)
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